Greenbank Synagogue, Liverpool
Greenbank Synagogue in Liverpool stands as a testament to the city's rich Jewish heritage and architectural innovation. Located in the Sefton Park area, this former Orthodox synagogue was the spiritual home to the Liverpool New Hebrew Congregation from its completion in 1937 until its closure in 2008. The roots of Greenbank Synagogue trace back to a schism in the Liverpool Hebrew Congregation in 1838, leading to the formation of the New Hebrew Congregation. Initially, the congregation held services in various locations, including Hanover Street and Pilgrim Street, before constructing a purpose-built synagogue on Hope Place in 1857. By the 1920s, as the Jewish community expanded into the Sefton Park area, the Hope Place synagogue became less accessible to many members. In response, the congregation acquired a property on Smithdown Road in 1928 to serve as both a Hebrew school and a place of worship. This move laid the groundwork for the establishment of Greenbank Synagogue.
Designed by architect Sir Ernest Alfred Shennan, Greenbank Drive Synagogue is celebrated for its unique blend of Art Deco and Swedish National Romantic styles. The building features a striking concrete canopy—a pioneering design element in the UK at the time—and a spacious interior illuminated by clerestory windows. The central bimah and Torah ark showcase exquisite Art Deco craftsmanship, reflecting the opulence of 1930s design. In recognition of its architectural importance, the synagogue was designated a Grade II* listed building in 2008. Beyond its religious functions, Greenbank Drive Synagogue played a pivotal role in the community. During World War II, it served as a reception center for families displaced by bombing raids and hosted social events for American Jewish GIs stationed in the area. The synagogue also supported youth engagement through its basement youth center and affiliated scout troop, the 22nd Wavertree.
The synagogue faced significant challenges over the years, including two fires in 1959 and 1965 that caused extensive damage. Both incidents led to costly restorations, with the 1959 fire resulting in the destruction of the Torah ark and scrolls . Despite these setbacks, the congregation continued to serve the community until declining membership led to its closure in 2008. Following its closure, Greenbank Synagogue was added to Historic England's Heritage at Risk register due to concerns over its deteriorating condition. In 2017, plans were approved to convert the building into 36 apartments, with the aim of preserving its architectural features while repurposing the space for modern use
